I’m very sorry your bunny died. Bunnies are fragile and hide illness well. Sudden, unexpected deaths are sadly not all that uncommon.
I very much doubt the flea collars had anything to do with it. From what I can find, the fleacollar you used doesn’t contain Fipronil, an antiparasitics compound that is toxic to rabbits. But even if it had been Fipronil in the collars, direct contact would’ve been required.
I don’t think you caused your bun’s death in any way. It seems you cared excellently for him, and he was very lucky that you found him. White urine is normal for rabbits, they expel surplus calcium via their kidneys. Problem-urine is thick, almost like fine wet concrete. White urine that dries to a white powder is not a problem.
Sometimes a bun has a congenital heart condition, and you never see any symptoms until the bunny passes. In Europe and Australia there are viruses that can kill a bunny rapidly (RVHD viruses), bu if you’re not in Europe or Australia, that wouldn’t apply.
It seems you gave him a good life. I’m sorry you didn’t get to keep him longer.