We feel for you, but hang in there because most of it is definitely hormonal behavior that will abate after his neuter. Be aware that it may not change a lot for about a month, but as the hormones stop and as he gets older he will mellow in the spraying, circling ways. He may always love you, and that’s a good thing!
For now, since he is so new to his environment, you can let him out of his habitat for shorter periods of supervised time. If you can get him to use his litter box, you can give him a tiny treat when he does to start positive reinforcement training. Not every time though. Praise him every time verbally to keep him using it, however. A stuffed animal will probably help, and help you get through the next week. If you let him out for about an hour twice a day, it will be enough exercise for now. He will have to be careful not to jump up after the neuter for another week anyway. It’s OK to let him explore his new home gradually.
It is wonderful of you to adopt him – you’re probably right that he was abandoned due to the Terrible Teens. He will mellow into a healthy, active bunny who will play with you but will not spray you and might not honk or run circles, though if he does it’s just a sign of continuing affection. (not spraying, though. If that keeps up, talk to your vet about it.) I think you will have many years of a sweet bunny!