Rabbits are highly dependant on gut microbes to extract nourishment from their food. It is due to gut microbes that they can convert cellulose to starch, which humans can’t. In weaning rabbits, whose gut microbiota isn’t yet fully developped, adding a probiotic can help them extract and take up more nourishment from cheap foods like grass hay and hopefully also protect them from overgrowth of bad bacteria, which is a significant cause of production loss. (A very sad topic which we won’t discuss here, but at least some of these findings could help other rabbits lead good long healthy lives).
The human gut microbiota has been an active area of research these last 10 years, but too little is still known. But it seems a healthy gut microbiota can help adult humans maintain a healthy weight. You may have read about how experiments with mice where fecal transplants from healthy weight mice to obese mice resulted in (healthy) weight loss in the obese mice. There’s no doubt that a well-balanced, sturdy and diverse gut microbiota is very important for humans and animals alike, but it’s not fully understood how all these microbes interact with each other and their environment and we don’t really know to what extent it’s possible to manipulate the gut microbiota with the aid of pro- and prebiotics.
I’s say probiotics would rather promote a healthy weight, in either direction. But a word of caution would be to not spend a ton of money, there’s still so much we don’t know.