This can happen occasionally and while it can be stressful and difficult, you are experiencing what happens when those nails get too long. It is great that you were able to clip off a litte– even that it very helpful! In terms of how far to go, you can go as far until you reach the quick, which is where the blood in the nail is. In non-black/dark nails, you can typically see the quick easily.  With darker nails, you may need to shine a light right against the nail to find it. but again, it is definitely OK to take a conservative approach and just clip off a little, if that makes you comfortable for now!

Is the toe in anyway damaged, or was just the nail broken off at one spot? If the latter, it should heal OK on it’s own. Keep an eye on it if it becomes infected or inflamed for any reason, but there are times rabbits nails bleed because people cut their nails too close (aka hit the blood line), so similarly, there’s blood and it’s scary. These heal over time though. In the future, you can use flour or cornstarch (I’ve read) to help stop it faster. If the toe seems damaged in any way, it may be worth going to the vet to ensure nothing is broken.

We’ve recently had a member post about tips for nail clipping. Perhaps there may be helpful tips for you there: https://binkybunny.com/forums/topic/how-to-cut-my-bunnys-nails/