When we first got our bunny at a rescue in November, the business owner advised us to keep our bunny solely in his pen for a full week so he can get acclimated to that space and learn to claim it as his own. We initially got him an XL cage from Petco but the rescue owner told us to return it as it’s too small and recommended we use a 2×6 ex-pen instead. We had a large litter box for him set up in a corner, which he’s pushed away from the edges of the pen so he can slither around it.
After about a week, we slowly started to increase the pen space. At week 2, we started to allow him to roam the living room when we’re home. We would lock him up when we’re out for the day or in bed at night. It could just be his demeanor, but he hasn’t been destructive at all.
Within the last month, we’ve started allowing him to roam free during the day whether we’re home or not, but still keeping him locked up at night. He does rattle his pen and throw stuff around, but I think that’s just how he keeps himself entertained. He does like his little space and will often sit and loaf there even with the door open.
So, in conclusion, my neophyte advice would be provide him with a comfortable space and give him time to learn to love it. Also allow him to “decorate” the space as he pleases. He might’ve just not liked where the potty and hay feeder were, hence the throwing. They like to throw stuff around in general, so make sure his litter and dishes are heavy enough that he can’t do that.