Rufus purring generally goes in little sets of three so it’ll be silent for a while and then I’ll hit a good spot and he’ll make three little tooth rubbing noises then a pause then three more. It’s really hard to describe! Sometimes I can hardly hear it but I see his jaw moving in the little three pattern.
My understanding is that tooth grinding is generally much louder and more continuous – someone else will be better to jump in here.
I rely on context most of all though. Occassionally Rufus starts chattering his teeth together really loudly and continuously for ten seconds or so. I freaked out and thought that maybe he was hurt somewhere but he had his eyes half-closed, made no attempt to move and he was purring normally on either side of the loud run. It also didn’t seem to be when I was patting him in any one place in particular. Now I’ve come to the conclusion that it’s when he’s particularly blissed out and cosy, normal purring isn’t enough!